Wireless-telegraph detector.



W, El ASHNN il A. Wl. CURB-S. MRELESS TELEGRAPH DEYECTOR. APPLmATmN mir Amal, 1907.

EN TORJ @di "x' M- 52ML, ATTORNEY W." TNE SSE S fr 11... .ran/'Lumi Elli? AUS-'EEN CURTIS,

OF NERE YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNORS T6 Ji L'WLER, 0F NEVI YEK, N. Y.

WIRELESS-TELEGRAEH DETECTGEI.

Specification of etters Patent.

Patenten July e, 1915.

appneaaon area apra 27, iso?. serial 370,651.

To all whom it may remera 1 Be it known that We, i 'inuAM b.

A nv nrTriA ASHTON lv. Souris, citizens of the .i firneriea. and residents of the city oir' New useful Wireless A "1 the following the same being a full, clear, Y "ion of the invention, such others skilled in the art to which it appertainsr to make and use the same.

'Ahis invention relates to Wireless or radio telegraphy, and in partieular to receivers of Ythat. class of current or ve responsive devices in .vhieh the suseein ,bility of the impulses, Waves or variations of the current is inherent in the device, which is also seliaeting or self-restorative, and therefore alvvavsvin condition to' be influenced by the Currents or Waves, and which may be adjusted to dierent degrees of pressure, as Well as to an improved arrangement of the 'wave responsive de vvice in connection with w f app vratas the receiving s tatlf provision u device of a partthis e. have indicated t ve utiliz-eil tl e inki are o d i in ents and arra detecting 4'; material: showing in deaii. r for the New Y rk, 'have' fer to use as `the detector oour invention consists of a mass or body of zinc compound as described herein and set forth in the elaiInS, suoh as consist of zine, oxygen and manganese in oheinieajlkcombination such as is commonly or generically designated by us vas a species of the redioriidof zinc (l) sometimes found in the forin ozino, oxygen and manganese With a traeek` f iron (2) or of ozrid of zine and oxid og anganese, and which-(3) in some formedk \designated as -.zinlrite, the latter being a m\as`si-v'e or granular body of oxid of zine and ed, as Well as other vzine compounds, somet1`-\ talline conformation. The zinc may be of any desired shape and sine and is of a comparatively hard and refractory nature and is a comparatively poomeonduotor of'electrieity. Zinkite is novuknown, as -Was the case with minerals generally,.to have been formed by the action of pressure or` by having been consoli ated under a lower temperature Within the earths crust V at Aa remote period. It has `been established that minerals now known as solids, once eX- isted in the liquid or gaseous tate, their .present structure having been det rmined in the process of solidifioation. 517e prefer to use an oXid olf zine as set forth, such as known as zinktefsolidiied as in the manner described, in co\ tadistinctionto mere' surface oxidation, in such a form as to be of varying' thickness'in different directions and of sufficient thiolin ss or \depth to have at least onesthioker proeoting portion eX- tending therefrom. Thi Wave responsive material may be utilized in onneotion with varioustypes of signal receiving apparatus, and may consist, in use,l of chemical oom' `pountls or crystals having different forms of oontaetfipfaees as will be seen from an in-` spection of `-the drawings.

For examp 1, in Fig. l, the Wave responsive device A is shown as a mass of Crystal-` line material supported in a cup-shaped holder ll, having, as illustrated in Fig. 6,' a cover Bf mounted on an adjusting screw b, is sustained by a cross-bar D Worl i on rod il, and held in position between pposing springs al and zZ; by means v iieh a Yvari able pressure uontaet is establ at the operative thernojunotion bethe plato lil and the Crystalline body The eeoentrioally located divided or biiaeed switch plate E, projecting laterallv from'v its, axis and comprising a conducting portion c, as' shown in Fig. 7, preferably consisting of platinum, and an insulated part c', is ordinarily provided with means for adjusting the contact or operative junction between the plate E and the Wave responsive device A in a plane atan angle to the axes of the same or in lines not coincident with both of the said axes, and the said plate E is preferably constructed and arranged to be turned around while it is ordinarily adjustably held in contactl with the crystalline body'by any suitable means, By turning the plate or disk .E in the proper direction, to the right or left hand, the wave detecting materia-l may be either included in the circuit, or else cut out of the same at will while traveling in parallel planes.

In Fig. 2, the wave responsive device is mounted on a pivoted bar F, and is held against the eccentrically located plate E by means of the spring d?. In Fig.v 3, the impulse detecting material A is supported by a Vflat faced holding device attached to a gravity, and preferably spring, rod G pivoted at g, the strain or tension or pressure of the contact betweenthe body A and the pointed plate E2 being adjusted b-y the weight'gf. The part E2 at 'the end of the bar G is eccentric to the axis of the body A. l"In Fig. 4, the wave responsive device A is mounted on a stationarysupport F, and the eccentrically located plateE'which projects laterally from itsl axis and comprises an electrically conducting element is attached to a rod Il sliding in a support H2, and is held in Vcontact with the crystalline', mass A by the spring cl3.

It will be noted that in Figsl and 2, the

pressure at the ,operative thermojunction may be adjusted@v to a Tine,`

I degree, and that in'Fig. 3, thelsai'ld pressure may still be adjusted, although to not so great an extent, while in Fig. 4, the full and uncontrolled positive pressure of the spring is exerted, thus insuring'a good pressure or mechanically firm and electrically conducting contact. 'y

'In Fig. 5 is shownl a concrete mass of the material forming the wave detecting device A2,;to which the ends of the wires or conl ductorsmay be secured in anysuitable manitc ner, as by'being.y turned or twistedv around the same. y

v; In Fig. 8, the wave responsive material 'A serves to support' a body. consisting of a platinum plate E3, the contact between the parts being regulated by means of the screws cal In the latter figure an' arrangement of a receivingstation is shown, and it will be observed that in the circuit illustrated, no

battery or local source of. electromotive force is used, as with the employment of the Wave responsive herein lshown and described, :no battery whatever 1s necessary 1n receiving separate parts being held Vthe signals or impulses of the electric waves.

he said receiving station comprises an aerial wire J, aV ground connectioncy, and a signal device in electrical connection v'with the ground connection consistinor preferably of the ordinary magneto telephone re-v ceiver K.

The construction B, forming a circuit conductor, and

the therein contained mineral or conducting material A, A', shown in the various ig-` ures, is disclosed particularly in Figs, 3 and 6, in which the said impulse detecting materils A, A', are formed with a iat rear facel in large aread fixed -mechanical contact (relative to the minute or srnhll aread ad. justable mechanical contact between the mineral cr conducting materials A, A and the non-alined conductors E, E2) with the rear and also with the'side portions of the cup-shaped holder B, and supported in the aforesaid figures bythe rcds'F, B G, the

together in operative contact by springs in Figs. 2 and 4, or by adjustable means, as by gravity, in Fig. 3; one at least of the circuit conductors, as the conducting body E, being preferably formed of different material than the ininei'al or solid conducting material, which latter of high resistivity and cooperatively with the other conducting body possesses therino-electromotive power, erty of transforming or converting the energy received oer the antennae into a different form.

It' will be noted that the freely longitudi# nally movable and rotatable device I-I cally located as regards the axis of the casing B of the solid electricallyconducting material, so that its yaxis of rotation will not coincide with the axis of the conducting material, and that the spring da holds the other conductor E in operative connection with the solidelectrical conducting material A positive, pressure or substan with a good, tially perfect contact, the point of which contact is preferably laterally adjustable. I n this application a solid electrically conducting material is shown as preferably having a singlev operative Contact point, which may (in connection with a conducting due to the heating of a' small part of the Ymass, thereby obtaining the necessary heat roducino resistance. the amount of heat vthus generated being so' much at the said or the propsup-l porting the circuit conductor E is eccentri.

operate by the variation of resistance.

telephone receiver,

ico

essarily used in connection with our Wave responsive device, no noise or Jfrying sound is heard, as is the case With other receivers when batteries are used in their circuit. Consequently, our detector is much more sensitive than those heretofore used, which depend upon an imperfect contact, or a variable resistance, or a supplied source of electricity. Our invention is thus clearly differentiated from colierers, and imperfect Contact, or microphonic, wave responsive devices, and also from other Wave detectors which necessarily require to be included in a battery circuit for their successful operation.

We Wish it to be understood that We do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, for various modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

llhat We claim as our invention, is

1. In the art of wireless telegi-aphy, a wave responsive device, consisting essentially of a body of zinkite.

2. A member of an oscillation receiver, which consists of the electrical conductor zinlrite.

3. A member of an oscillation receiver,

which consists of a mass or body of Zinkite in crystalline form.

4. In the art of wireless telegraphy, a Wave responsive device, consisting essentially of a concrete mass of red oxid of zinc.

5. In the art of Wireless. telegraphy, a ivave responsive device, consisting essentially of a concrete mass of red oXid of/zinc in crystalline form.

6. A Wave responsive element composed mainly of the red oxid of zinc and small amounts of other elements.

'7. In Wireless telegraphy, asa Wave responsive device, a mass of metal compound comprising a plurality of conducting elements one at least of which is composed essentially of the red oxid of zinc.

8. In ivirelesstelegraphy, a receiver comprising a transforming or converting couple having an element consisting largely of the red oxid of zinc.

9. In wireless telegraphy, a Wave responsive device possessing rectifying properties and consisting of an electrically conducting chemical compound comprising the red oxid of zinc.

10. In the art of wireless telegraphy, as a Wave responsive device, a mass of Wave detecting material, in combination with a divided or bi-ac'ed element.

11. In the art of Wireless telegraphy, as a wave responsive device, a mass of wave detecting material, in combination with a divided or bi-faced element, consisting reprising an electrically conducting element,

and means to hold the same so that it may be given a longitudinal as Well as a rotative or lateral movement, in combination With means to liold the said 'member under tension and to adjust it and make a good contact between the wave detecting material and the electrically conducting element in a line not coincident with both of tlie axes of the same.

14. A member of an oscillative receiver which consists of an electrically conducting `chemical compound comprising 19.74 parts ,.of oxygen and 80.26 paits of zinc.

l5. In Wireless telegraphy, a Wave responsive device possessing rectifying properties and consisting of a mass of oxid of zinc comprisiiig 19.74 parts-of oxygen and 80.26 parts of zinc in chemical combination.

16. In Wireless telegraphy, a Wave responsiveA device possessing rectifying properties and consisting'of a mass of oxid of zinc comprising zinc, oxygen, and manganese in chemical combination.

17. In Wireless telegraphy, a Wave responsive device possessing i'ectifying properties and consisting of a mass of oxid of zinc comprising Zinc, oxygen, manganese, and iron in chemical combination.

In testimony of the foregoing specification We do hereby sign the same in the city of New York, county and State of New York this 20th day of April 1907.

WILLIAM E. ASHTON. AUSTIN CURTIS.

Witnesses:

ROB. SCHWARZ, J. ODELL FOWLER.

evice, a mass of wave detecting I 

